https://www.austria1989.org/welcome daily 1.0 2017-12-19 https://www.austria1989.org/1945 daily 0.75 2017-12-20 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/59712e20d1758e79822deb21/1500589625171/ 1945 On March 5, 1946, Winston Churchill received an honorary degree from Westminster College in Missouri and delivered his famous “iron curtain” speech, announcing that an “iron curtain” was now dividing Europe between communist controlled and free countries. President Truman (on right) traveled with Churchill to the ceremony. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/59712c97914e6bca35f6274e/1500589219109/ 1945 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/59712a3e86e6c027ad354dac/1500588611763/ 1945 TOP IMAGE When President Truman met Stalin and Churchill for the final “Big Three” wartime conference in Potsdam, a suburb of Berlin, Berlin lay in ruins after incessant Allied aerial bombardment and the final battle over the German capital. Such destruction was the price the Germans paid for their support of Hitler and the Nazis. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/59712c87197aea98ce2a8b1e/1500589196629/ 1945 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/59712cb2e6f2e19324c02a28/1500589239396/ 1945 https://www.austria1989.org/introduction daily 0.75 2017-12-20 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/599b561546c3c40f8a1339b3/5a39746a085229af2cf692b6/1513714876613/Screen+Shot+2017-12-19+at+3.18.31+PM.png INTRODUCTION https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/599b561546c3c40f8a1339b3/59a896d4d7bdce2051c18c6b/1504221096155/1961_full.jpg INTRODUCTION https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/599b561546c3c40f8a1339b3/599b59d146c3c40f8a137413/1513783728246/2009-1.jpg INTRODUCTION https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/599b561546c3c40f8a1339b3/599b59bd37c58131af4667d7/1513783697711/1990-1.jpg INTRODUCTION https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/599b561546c3c40f8a1339b3/599b59a9197aead976ceb96a/1513783679801/bush1.jpg INTRODUCTION https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/599b561546c3c40f8a1339b3/599b598cc534a5a94d2b6de2/1513783665584/1989-berlin-1.jpg INTRODUCTION https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/599b561546c3c40f8a1339b3/599b5978e6f2e193bc82d70c/1513783563598/1989-7.jpg INTRODUCTION https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/599b561546c3c40f8a1339b3/599b595da803bba60d446222/1504225614090/198-4.jpg INTRODUCTION https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/599b561546c3c40f8a1339b3/599b594103596ed2dd2bc9a6/1504225580699/1989.jpg INTRODUCTION https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/599b561546c3c40f8a1339b3/599b59269f8dce32afb3945e/1504225570958/1988.jpg INTRODUCTION https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/599b561546c3c40f8a1339b3/599b590db8a79b98c40243ac/1504225561503/1987.jpg INTRODUCTION https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/599b561546c3c40f8a1339b3/599b58f9e58c62ad5e6d223d/1504225551226/1985.jpg INTRODUCTION https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/599b561546c3c40f8a1339b3/599b58e42994cae2e5c430d3/1504225529421/1983.jpg INTRODUCTION https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/599b561546c3c40f8a1339b3/599b5820be65949063cf7f59/1504225516629/1980s.jpg INTRODUCTION https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/599b561546c3c40f8a1339b3/599b5807914e6b49e717b516/1504225188009/Untitled-1.jpg INTRODUCTION https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/599b561546c3c40f8a1339b3/599b57e0e45a7c1d5ba7c19b/1504225174937/1975.jpg INTRODUCTION https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/599b561546c3c40f8a1339b3/599b57c9e4fcb57891624f86/1504225159463/1968.jpg INTRODUCTION https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/599b561546c3c40f8a1339b3/599b564003596ed2dd2b99d7/1504221077966/1956.jpg INTRODUCTION https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/599b561546c3c40f8a1339b3/599b5630cf81e04bcd853563/1504221197909/1945.jpg INTRODUCTION - 1945 - Yalta and the Division of Europe https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/59a20c18e6f2e1185b8f3b86/1513785027048/1956-2.jpg INTRODUCTION - View the Exhibit In chronological order. https://www.austria1989.org/1956 daily 0.75 2017-12-20 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/597ccbcb197aea062b6aab6f/1513706381521/ 1956 - In the Elementary School of Andau (Austria), Hungarian Refugees are getting temporary night quarters, November 1956. In the Elementary School of Andau (Austria), Hungarian Refugees are getting temporary night quarters, November 1956. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/597ccbf3f5e23107dc0ee05a/1501350903915/ 1956 Hungarian Refugees cross a canal in a boat on November 21, 1956, on the way to Austria; the man in front is totally exhausted. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/597ccb8aa5790a1f469e9944/1501350799471/ 1956 THE AUSTRIAN STATE TREATY AND THE HUNGARIAN CRISIS OF 1956 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/597ccb5c2994caa27ed01a35/1501350753333/ 1956 A dead Russian soldier in the streets of Budapest with Russian tanks rolling in the background during the Hungarian Uprising in late October 1956. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/597130f79de4bb2cbc1537b4/1500590347878/1956.png 1956 https://www.austria1989.org/1968 daily 0.75 2017-12-20 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/597cd3ca725e2562b8a681ea/1501352933971/ 1968 - In the center of Prague on St. Wencelav Square, thousands of civilian protesters demonstrate their agony over the Warsaw pact invasion of their country to stamp out the reforms of the Prague Spring. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/597d0cb7db29d6c2e33f34cf/1501367494505/ 1968 Czech and Slovak refugees in Austria waiting in a food line; with the help of the International Red Cross and the United Nations High Commission for Refugees, Austria fed some 208,000 Czech and Slovak refugees; many returned to Czechoslovakia, some 2,000 emigrated to the United States, and as many as 3,000 found a new home in Austria. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/597cd35fbf629a0693830632/1513706650231/ 1968 In the morning hours of August 21, 1968, Soviet and Warsaw Pact tanks roll in the streets of Prague; to distinguish them from Czechoslovak tanks, they are marked with white crosses. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/597d0be7cd0f6846bf03d88c/1501367286061/ 1968 Recruits from Austrian Army deployed a few miles at a safe and non-provocative distance from Czechoslovak border in late August 1968; after the deployment on the Hungarian border, this is the second time in a Cold War crisis the Austrian Army was guarding the border. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/597cd2caa803bbd42401e58b/1501352652611/1968.jpg 1968 TOP IMAGE: The citizens of Prague throwing up makeshift barricades countering the Soviet tanks. https://www.austria1989.org/1961 daily 0.75 2017-12-20 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/597ccff7f7e0ab110da8d91a/1501351952267/ 1961 During the gala dinner at Schönbrunn Palace, Chairman Nikita Khrushchev chatted with American First Lady Jackie Kennedy, with President Kennedy in the background (on left). https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/597ccfa8414fb54a4c4d477b/1501351854788/ 1961 In the evening of June 3, 1961, Austrian President Adolf Schärf gives a gala dinner at Schönbrunn Palace, for the American and Soviet delegations to the Vienna Summit. After dinner the ballet of the Vienna State Opera danced the Strauss Waltz “On the Beautiful Blue Danube.” Chairman Khrushchev, First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy, President Schärf, Soviet First Lady Nina Khrushcheva, and President Kennedy (from left to right), with diplomatic delegations in the background. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/5a397babec212d64c01743e6/1513716663110/Screen+Shot+2017-12-19+at+3.50.18+PM.png 1961 TOP IMAGE: Austrian President Adolf Schärf greets General Secretary Nikita Khrushchev at Vienna Southern Railroad Station on his arrival for the Vienna Summit. https://www.austria1989.org/1980-crises-in-the-soviet-bloc daily 0.75 2017-12-19 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/597d122eff7c503b74764034/1513703429537/ 1980 - Crises in the Soviet Bloc Austrian politician Erhard Busek meets Lech Walesa in 1981 encouraging the Solidarity movement. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/597d124344024389181f7f3a/1501368903544/ 1980 - Crises in the Soviet Bloc This picture was taken by Otmar Lahodynsky, the correspondent of the Austrian newsmagazine Profil, on December 13, 1981, the day Poland came under martial law. The “Zomo” special police forces are cordoning off Solidarity headquarters in Warsaw. In spite of a total news blackout, the photo was privately smuggled out of Warsaw to Vienna and came via Paris on a “Concorde” jet to New York to appear on the cover of TIME magazine 2 weeks later. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/597d12a5bebafb1713fa7978/1501369007482/ 1980 - Crises in the Soviet Bloc The Solidarity Labor Union meets for its first Congress in Gdansk in 1980. https://www.austria1989.org/1975 daily 0.75 2017-12-20 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/597d0eab44024389181f5d40/1501367983958/ 1975 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/597d0ecee58c621d0688ae3b/1501368018318/ 1975 Following their bilateral talks, President Ford and Soviet General Secretary Leonid I. Brezhnev sign a joint communiqué on the limitation of strategic offensive arms in Vladivostok, USSR. November 24, 1974. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/597d0e75e45a7c9f617818ce/1501367935704/ 1975 President Ford signs the Final Act of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe as it is passed among European leaders for signature in Finlandia Hall. August 1, 1975. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/597d0eeedb29d6c2e33f49f8/1513706788675/ 1975 - Austrian President Rudolf Kirchschläger and Chancellor Bruno Kreisky (on left) meet President Jimmy Carter during the Vienna Summit of June 1979 during the signing of the SALT II Treaty. Austrian President Rudolf Kirchschläger and Chancellor Bruno Kreisky (on left) meet President Jimmy Carter during the Vienna Summit of June 1979 during the signing of the SALT II Treaty. https://www.austria1989.org/1983-reagan-and-the-second-cold-war daily 0.75 2017-12-20 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/597d18abe45a7c9f617873d3/1501370544234/ 1983 - Reagan and the Second Cold War National Security Decision Memorandum NSDD 75 “U.S. Relations with the USSR” of January 17, 1983, wants to “promote change” in the Soviet Union and improve relations with the Kremlin. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/597d17f1d1758e9e179b948a/1501370374055/ 1983 - Reagan and the Second Cold War President Reagan, Secretary of State George Shultz, and James Baker, Reagan’s chief-of-staff, in a meeting on the Strategic Defense Initiative. SDI was a announced by President Reagan on March 23, 1983, before a national TV audience. It wanted to use ground and space-based systems to protect the U.S. from attack by strategic nuclear ballistic missiles. The initiative focused on strategic defense rather than the prior strategic offense doctrine of mutual assured destruction (MAD). https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/597d18e1d1758e9e179b9d20/1501370606766/ 1983 - Reagan and the Second Cold War President and Mrs. Reagan visit Pope John Paul II in the Vatican on June 7, 1982. Reagan’s CIA Director William Casey worked with the Vatican in secretly supporting the Solidarity movement. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/597d190c03596eab18a24055/1513707284294/ 1983 - Reagan and the Second Cold War - An artist’s concept of a Space Laser Satellite Defense System, 1984. (Not any one system specifically, just generalized concept artwork). An artist’s concept of a Space Laser Satellite Defense System, 1984. (Not any one system specifically, just generalized concept artwork). https://www.austria1989.org/1985-summitry daily 0.75 2017-12-20 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/598507613a0411d182f5bde6/1501890455988/ 1985 - Summitry President Reagan meeting with Soviet General Secretary Gorbachev with their staffs at Maison de Saussure during the Geneva Summit on November 20, 1985. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/598508dbbe6594b05b2434dd/1501890801267/ 1985 - Summitry President Reagan’s first meeting with Soviet General Secretary Gorbachev at Fleur D’Eau during the Geneva Summit in Switzerland on November 19, 1985. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/5985091a6b8f5b916343450b/1513707405961/ 1985 - Summitry President Reagan, Vice-President Bush meet with Soviet General Secretary Gorbachev on Governor’s Island, New York 12/7/88. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/598509359f74566cc767a400/1501890881960/ 1985 - Summitry President Reagan meeting with Soviet General Secretary Gorbachev at Hofdi House during the Reykjavik Summit in Iceland on October 11, 1986. https://www.austria1989.org/1980s-battle-of-euromissiles daily 0.75 2017-12-20 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/59850645e3df285a35b6b49a/1501890137542/ 1980s - Battle of Euromissiles This cover of TIME magazines reflects the growing public Angst over the new INF missile race on the European continent. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/5985062d8419c22ddf170ba0/1501890107397/ 1980s - Battle of Euromissiles Defending Western Europe against the SS-20 intermediate missile threat, NATO started stationing mobile Pershing missiles in Germany, Great Britain and Italy. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/59850556c534a5778bd302b0/1501889906337/ 1980s - Battle of Euromissiles Anti-nuclear protesters in Germany. https://www.austria1989.org/1989-gorbachev-ends-the-cold-war daily 0.75 2017-12-20 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/59851048cf81e0278ea8f1d5/1501892692416/ 1988 - Gorbachev Ends the Cold War Eduard Shevardnadze during a follow up meeting of the Conference of Security and Cooperation in Vienna in 1986. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/5985100c4c0dbf1460552fb3/1501892639099/ 1988 - Gorbachev Ends the Cold War On December 7, 1988, Mikhail Gorbachev gave his dramatic speech before the general assembly of the United Nations, setting forth the principles of “new thinking” in clearest terms for the world community. This speech “certified” him as a world class leader. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/598510627131a5259cba2923/1501892724644/ 1988 - Gorbachev Ends the Cold War Secretary of State James Baker meets Foreign Minister Eduard Shevardnadze for an important arms control meeting. https://www.austria1989.org/1989-annus-mirabilis-i daily 0.75 2017-12-20 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/59c4581151a5846209838d5a/1506039890612/1989-2.jpg 1989 - Annus Mirabilis I Indeed, no stone was left unturned; our neighbor to the east has engaged in a thorough fall cleaning campaign. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/59c458cc32601eef47d96f65/1506040017888/1989-3.jpg 1989 - Annus Mirabilis I The round table meets in Budapest in the second half of 1989 to negotiate the new political order in Hungary. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/59c457f52994ca0197ef02c1/1506039956621/1989.jpg 1989 - Annus Mirabilis I TOP IMAGE: During the spring of 1989 the old Communist Party leadership met representatives of Solidarity and the Catholic Church in the Polish round table to negotiate the June election modus. https://www.austria1989.org/1987-nuclear-disarmament daily 0.75 2017-12-20 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/59850d5fa803bb82a14d3a47/1501891951716/ 1987 - Nuclear Disarmament During their Washington Summit meeting President Reagan and Soviet General Secretary Gorbachev are signing the INF Treaty in the East Room of the White House on August 12, 1987. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/59850b78be6594b05b24569b/1501891457658/ 1987 - Nuclear Disarmament https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/59850d3637c5815a8208bdc1/1501891909645/ 1987 - Nuclear Disarmament President Reagan and Soviet General Secretary Gorbachev are signing the INF treaty ratification at the Grand Kremlin Palace during the Moscow Summit on June 1, 1988. By the treaty’s deadline of June 1, 1991, a total of 2,692 of short and intermediate range ground launched missiles had been destroyed, 846 by the U.S. and 1,846 by the Soviet Union. This was much more unequal in number of INF warheads destroyed. Under the treaty both nations were allowed to inspect each other’s military installations. https://www.austria1989.org/1989-annus-mirabilis-iv-velvet-revolution daily 0.75 2017-12-20 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/598ceb9ebebafb055b98870d/1502407589817/ 1989- Annus Mirabilis iV - Velvet Revolution The foreign ministers of Austria and Czechoslovakia Alois Mock and Jirí Dienstbier cut the iron curtain on the border between the villages of Kleinhaugsdorf and Hate on December 17, 1989, after the “velvet revolution” had made it obsolete. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/598cebbedb29d68b17816e24/1513707711375/ 1989- Annus Mirabilis iV - Velvet Revolution - The protesters on Wenceslav Square faced a potentially violence backlash from the Communist authorities but remained undeterred and kept coming back for protests. The protesters on Wenceslav Square faced a potentially violence backlash from the Communist authorities but remained undeterred and kept coming back for protests. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/598cebdbcd0f6826cf4faa39/1502407647698/ 1989- Annus Mirabilis iV - Velvet Revolution In late November hundreds of thousands of Czechs and Slovaks gather on Wenceslav Square and bring down the Communist government. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/598ceb55d7bdce77a7b1d1c8/1502407523662/ 1989- Annus Mirabilis iV - Velvet Revolution The “iron curtain” along the Austro-Czechoslovak border with imposing guard tower and barriers along the border was rebuilt in the summer of 2009 for an exhibit commemorating the end of the Cold War in Lower Austria. https://www.austria1989.org/1989-annus-mirabilis-iii-the-iron-curtain-falls daily 0.75 2017-12-20 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/598ce69abebafb055b983fc7/1502406318357/ 1989 - Annus Mirabilis III Some 200 East Germans surprise Hungarian border guards and rush through a gate into Moerbisch, Austria, Saturday, August 19, 1989. The gate was opened as part of the joint Austro-Hungarian Pan-European Union picknick, marking the end of the Iron Curtain. The East Germans had heard of the event and used it for their flight to the West. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/598ce6e7db29d68b17812800/1502406383146/ 1989 - Annus Mirabilis III In this document, an Austrian Foreign Ministry official briefs Foreign Minister Mock about the flood of “citizens of the German Democratic Republic” that started to cross the Austrian border from Hungary beginning at midnight on September 11. A total of 10,000 crossed the border that day by foot, by car and by busses provided by the Austrian Red Cross. By September 15, 13,674 GDR citizens had crossed. The Austrian Red Cross is commended for its role of providing food, maps and 700 Austrian Schillings for transit costs for every GDR-émigré. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/598ce72bc534a5165175b452/1502406447028/ 1989 - Annus Mirabilis III A group East Germans take flight across the Austrian border on August 22 at the border crossing in Klingenbach (Burgenland); an Austrian customs official tells them that they are safe on Austrian territory and will not be sent back. https://www.austria1989.org/annus-mirabilis-iii-the-iron-curtain-falls daily 0.75 2018-01-31 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/598ce2cfe4fcb58f54099b4e/1502405331312/ 1989 - Annus Mirabilis II https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/598ce45bbf629ab0bd0a8535/1513707618333/ 1989 - Annus Mirabilis II - 300 East Germans cross the border at St. Margarethen into Austria on September 11. 300 East Germans cross the border at St. Margarethen into Austria on September 11. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/598ce24b914e6b393f50a103/1502405211117/ 1989 - Annus Mirabilis II After meetings in Vienna from June 25 to June 27, Austrian Foreign Minister Alois Mock and Hungarian Foreign Minister Gyula Horn drive to the border near the Hungarian city of Sopron and symbolically cut the barbed wires of the iron curtain in the afternoon of June 27. It was Mock who suggested to stage this highly symbolic photo op between two neighbors cut apart by the iron curtain for 40 years. This encouraged East Germans to take their summer vacations in Hungary and try crossing the border. https://www.austria1989.org/1989-the-fall-of-the-berlin-wall daily 0.75 2017-12-20 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/598e3e10e6f2e104f7f13b29/1502494243525/ 1989 - The Fall of the Berlin Wall Giddy Germans climb the Berlin Wall after its opening on November 9. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/598e3e8059cc681bb437e6ac/1502494342121/ 1989 - The Fall of the Berlin Wall https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/598e3f7fdb29d643ebf4c898/1502494609766/ 1989 - The Fall of the Berlin Wall A rising sun that nobody would have expected only a few weeks ago. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/598e3e92e3df28f1ea676b50/1502494383150/ 1989 - The Fall of the Berlin Wall President Reagan giving a speech at the Berlin Wall in front of the iconic Brandenburg Gate on June 12, 1987, proclaiming “Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall”! https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/598e3f1be4fcb5badd6c410c/1502494558649/berlin-4.jpg 1989 - The Fall of the Berlin Wall - The opening of the Berlin Wall unleashes patriotic fervor among Germans which will lead to German unification within a year’s time. The opening of the Berlin Wall unleashes patriotic fervor among Germans which will lead to German unification within a year’s time. https://www.austria1989.org/1989-bush-and-the-end-of-the-cold-war daily 0.75 2017-12-20 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/598e4423cd0f685c519f0a28/1502495793012/ 1989 - Bush and the End of the Cold War President Bush and Soviet President Gorbachev sign the Strategic Arms Reduation Treaty (START), in the Kremlin on July 31, 1991. This is the culmination of a remarkable series of nuclear and convention arms reduction treaties starting with the INF-Treaty of 1987. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/598e43e0579fb30f420e4617/1513715526423/ 1989 - Bush and the End of the Cold War President Bush and Chairman Gorbachev at the Malta Summit (December 2–3, 1989) dinner with their staffs. This summit has been called the most important summit conference since Potsdam in 1945. It came only weeks after the fall of the iron curtain and the Berlin Wall. It gave both leaders a chance to discuss these dramatic changes and map out future policies. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/598e4382a5790ab6525cab55/1502495625310/ 1989 - Bush and the End of the Cold War Above: President Bush greets Czech President Vaclav Havel outside the White House, Washington, DC, February 20, 1990. The former dissident Havel was elected President of Czechoslovakia on December 29, 1989, only a month after the collapse of the communist party regime. A month later he visits the United States to thank the American people for their support during the “velvet revolution.” https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/598e434f6f4ca37e4c7f431e/1513715495379/ 1989 - Bush and the End of the Cold War President Bush and Chancellor Helmut Kohl aboard the riverboat Stolzenfels as they cruise the Rhine River, West Germany on May 31, 1989. President Bush’s excellent personal relationship with Chancellor Kohl was the prerequisite for Kohl’s daring moves for German reunification in late 1989 and 1990. Bush encouraged Kohl’s political ambitions and thus became the “godfather” of German reunification. https://www.austria1989.org/2009-europe-united daily 0.75 2017-12-20 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/598e4b69f9a61edf2e20e55b/1502497646462/ 2009 - Europe United Above: During the “European Congress“, organized by the Austrian Ministry of European and International Affairs in Vienna at the end of May 2009, white doves of peace are released from the heart of Vienna’s first district to symbolize EUnification as a grand peace project. The people (from left to right) are Tamas Horvath (the coordinator of the 1989 commemorations in the Hungarian Foreign Ministry), Jan Koukal (Czech ambassador in Vienna), Mikolaj Dowgielewicz (Polish Secretary of State), Wladyslaw Bartoszewski (former Polish ambassador to Austria and foreign minister), Heinz Fischer (Austrian President), Michael Spindelegger (Austrian Foreign Minister) Peter Balazs (Hungarian Foreign Minister), Dragoljuba Bencina (Slovenian State Secretary). https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/598e4c884c0dbfafe1e2031b/1502497938650/ 2009 - Europe United Poster of the 2009 Lower Austrian State Exhibit “Austria – Czech Republic: Divided, Separated, United.” The exhibit covers the long and complex Austrian – Czech history and culture and intellectual life from the Middle Ages to the present. The displays are spread out through three exhibit sites close to the border – two on Austrian (Horn, Raabs) and one of Czech soil (Telc). A formidable segment of the iron curtain was also rebuilt and is on display. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/598e4cb149fc2b4c4fcf2698/1502497991236/ 2009 - Europe United This recent poll by the European Union public opinion office “Eurobarometer” shows that the EU member states agree that EU Eastern expansion after the end of the division of Europe during the Cold War was a positive accomplishment – borders disappeared and allowed for more freedom, commerce and a higher standard of living. SOURCE http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/flash/fl_257_en.pdf, p.10 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/598e4c513e00bea41cf492f0/1502497886974/ 2009 - Europe United https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/598e4c32f14aa1d1728c95b2/1502497856803/ 2009 - Europe United Ambassadors of the ten new EU member states unveil the ‘Partner of all nations’ table, a memorial with ten granite stone chairs, at the Sigmund Freud park in Vienna, in front of Votivkirche on Friday, 30 April 2004, the day before the official accession to the European Union. https://www.austria1989.org/1990s-balkan-wars daily 0.75 2017-12-20 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/598e471ea803bb5b7c6fc922/1513707801243/ 1990s - Balkan Wars - The former Yugoslavia breaks apart after 1990 and becomes a war zone where “ethnic cleansing” and genocide are practiced. The former Yugoslavia breaks apart after 1990 and becomes a war zone where “ethnic cleansing” and genocide are practiced. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/598e46dcbe659469f58f240b/1513707782427/1990-2.jpg 1990s - Balkan Wars For his crucial role in the Croatian independence struggle of 1991, former Austrian Minister of Foreign Affairs Alois Mock (left) holds the document after being announced “Honoured Citizen of Split”, Croatia, Friday, Aug. 7,1998. Ivan Skaric, the mayor of Split (right) confers the honor. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/598e477cebbd1a302af54daf/1502496642896/ 1990s - Balkan Wars Bosnian refugees pouring into Austria during the breakup of Yugoslavia. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/598e46a77131a56b5d8f425e/1502496427478/ 1990s - Balkan Wars Above: With the war in Kosovo, additional refugees pour into Austria in April 1999. The Austrian Red Cross fed the refugees who were initially housed in military barracks. https://www.austria1989.org/about daily 0.75 2017-12-19 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597124903a04117885b531e3/t/59a89bb4893fc02156235436/1504222137690/embassy.png About